Bottom Line:
Porto remains one of Europe’s most affordable digital nomad hubs—if you avoid the tourist traps. A comfortable one-bedroom in the city center averages €1,105/month, while a €12 meal and €2.26 coffee keep daily costs low. With 130Mbps internet, a €40/month gym, and a 66/100 safety score, it’s a solid 8/10—but the real story is in the details most guides ignore.
What Most Expat Guides Get Wrong About Porto
Porto’s digital nomad scene has grown by 300% since 2020, yet most guides still treat it like a budget-friendly Lisbon clone. The reality? Porto is cheaper, grittier, and far more local than its flashier neighbor—but that comes with trade-offs no one talks about. While Lisbon’s expat bubble has inflated rents to €1,500+ for a decent apartment, Porto’s €1,105 average feels like a steal—until you realize that 60% of listings under €900 are either moldy, illegal Airbnbs, or in the middle of nowhere. Most guides gloss over this, painting Porto as a hassle-free paradise where coworking spaces and cafés magically solve all your problems. They don’t.
The first myth? That Porto’s €12 meal is a universal truth. In tourist-heavy areas like Ribeira or Bolhão, a prato do dia (daily special) can cost €15-20—and that’s before the €3 "tourist tax" cover charge some restaurants sneak onto the bill. Meanwhile, a €2.26 coffee is only reliable at local pastelarias; hipster cafés in Cedofeita charge €3.50+ for a flat white. Most guides also fail to mention that 30% of Porto’s cafés close by 7 PM, leaving night owls scrambling for a workspace with decent Wi-Fi. The 130Mbps internet speed is real—but only if you’re in a modern building. In older apartments (which make up 40% of the city’s housing stock), you’ll be lucky to get 50Mbps without a fight with your landlord.
Pro tip: Working from cafés or coworking spaces? Always use a VPN to protect your data on public WiFi. We recommend NordVPN — fast servers in 60+ countries, ideal for remote workers who need reliable connections and security.
Then there’s the coworking illusion. Porto has over 20 coworking spaces, but only three (Selina, Porto i/o, and Cowork Central) cater to digital nomads in any meaningful way. The rest are either €200+/month corporate hubs or €50/month "flex desks" in windowless basements. Most guides recommend €120-150/month spaces as the sweet spot—but they don’t tell you that 70% of nomads end up working from cafés anyway, because the coworking scene is fragmented and often unwelcoming to short-term stays. And while €40/month gyms exist, the best ones (like Holmes Place or Fitness Hut) require 12-month contracts, leaving nomads stuck with €60/month pay-as-you-go options that feel like an afterthought.
The biggest oversight? Porto’s safety score of 66/100 isn’t just a number—it’s a vibe. Most guides compare it to Lisbon (72/100) and call it "safe enough," but they don’t explain why. The truth: Pickpocketing in tourist zones is 3x higher than in residential areas, and late-night walks in Bonfim or Campanhã can feel sketchy—not because of violent crime, but because of the visible drug trade and homelessness that most expat blogs ignore. Meanwhile, the €40/month public transport pass is a steal, but the metro shuts down at 1 AM, leaving Uber (which costs €8-15 for a 10-minute ride) as the only option after hours.
And then there’s the weather. Most guides mention Porto’s "mild climate," but the city gets 120+ rainy days a year, and winter temperatures hover around 8°C (46°F)—not freezing, but damp enough to make working from a café miserable for weeks. The €280/month groceries budget is accurate, but only if you shop at Pingo Doce or Lidl; Mercado do Bolhão and organic stores can push that to €400+.
The real Porto isn’t the Instagram-filtered version of pastel de natas and Douro cruises. It’s a city where your landlord might demand 6 months’ rent upfront, where the best coworking spaces are hidden in nondescript buildings, and where the "local" experience often means navigating bureaucracy in Portuguese. It’s still a fantastic place to live—if you know where to look. Most guides don’t tell you that. This one will.
Digital Nomad Infrastructure: The Complete Picture (Porto, Portugal)
Porto ranks 86/100 on the Nomad List index, making it one of Europe’s top destinations for remote workers. With 130 Mbps average internet speeds, a €1,105/month rent for a 1-bedroom apartment in the city center, and a €12 meal at a mid-range restaurant, the city balances affordability with quality. Below is a data-driven breakdown of Porto’s digital nomad infrastructure—coworking spaces, internet reliability, community meetups, Wi-Fi cafes, and a typical nomad routine.
1. Top 5 Coworking Spaces in Porto (2024 Prices & Features)
Porto has 12+ coworking spaces, with prices ranging from €50–€200/month for a hot desk. Below are the top five, ranked by value, internet speed, and community engagement.
| Coworking Space | Hot Desk (€/month) | Dedicated Desk (€/month) | Internet Speed (Mbps) | Meeting Rooms (€/hour) | Community Events | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selina Cowork | €120 | €200 | 300 | €20 | Weekly (networking, workshops) | Social nomads, travelers |
| Porto i/o | €90 | €150 | 250 | €15 | Monthly (tech talks, hackathons) | Tech professionals, startups |
| Cowork Central | €80 | €140 | 200 | €12 | Bi-weekly (language exchanges) | Budget-conscious nomads |
| The Office | €100 | €180 | 150 | €18 | Quarterly (investor pitch nights) | Freelancers, small teams |
| Second Home Porto | €150 | €250 | 500 | €25 | Daily (wellness, art exhibits) | Creative professionals |
Key Insights:
- Selina Cowork is the most social, with 300 Mbps and weekly events (€120/month).
- Porto i/o has the best tech community, hosting 2–3 meetups/month.
- Cowork Central is the cheapest (€80/month) but has slower internet (200 Mbps).
- Second Home is the fastest (500 Mbps) but 20–30% pricier than competitors.
Recommendation: For speed + community, Porto i/o (€90/month) is the best balance. For budget nomads, Cowork Central (€80/month) is sufficient.
2. Internet Speed by Neighborhood (2024 Data)
Porto’s average internet speed is 130 Mbps, but reliability varies by district. Below is a neighborhood-by-neighborhood breakdown based on Speedtest.net data and local ISP reports.
| Neighborhood | Avg. Download (Mbps) | Avg. Upload (Mbps) | Outage Rate (per month) | Best ISP | Nomad Density | Rent (1BR, €/month) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonfim | 150 | 80 | 0.5 | NOS | High | €900 |
| Cedofeita | 140 | 75 | 0.3 | Vodafone | Very High | €1,100 |
| Paranhos | 120 | 60 | 1.2 | MEO | Medium | €800 |
| Foz do Douro | 160 | 90 | 0.2 | NOS | Low | €1,300 |
| Campanhã | 90 | 40 | 2.1 | MEO | Low | €650 |
Key Insights:
- Foz do Douro has the fastest internet (160 Mbps) but is 30% more expensive than the city average.
- Bonfim and Cedofeita are the best for nomads—high speeds (140–150 Mbps), low outages (<0.5/month), and strong community presence.
- Campanhã is the cheapest (€650/month) but has slow (90 Mbps) and unreliable (2.1 outages/month) internet.
Recommendation: Cedofeita is the optimal balance—140 Mbps, €1,100 rent, and high nomad density.
3. Nomad Community Meetups (Frequency & Types)
Porto’s digital nomad community is active but smaller than Lisbon’s. Below are the most consistent meetups, categorized by frequency and focus.
| Meetup Name | Frequency | Avg. Attendees | Focus | Location | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porto Digital Nomads | Weekly | 30–50 | Networking, skill-sharing | Cowork Central | Free |
| Nomad Coffee Club | Bi
Full Monthly Cost Breakdown for Porto, Portugal
| Expense | EUR/mo | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Rent 1BR center | 1105 | Verified |
| Rent 1BR outside | 796 | |
| Groceries | 280 | |
| Eating out 15x | 180 | €12/meal avg. |
| Transport | 40 | Andante monthly pass |
| Gym | 40 | Basic chain (e.g., Solinca) |
| Health insurance | 65 | Private (e.g., Médis, AdvanceCare) |
| Coworking | 180 | Hot desk (e.g., Selina, Porto i/o) |
| Utilities+net | 95 | Electricity, water, gas, 100Mbps fiber |
| Entertainment | 150 | Bars, events, weekend trips |
| Comfortable | 2135 | |
| Frugal | 1518 | |
| Couple | 3309 |
Net Income Requirements for Each Tier
#### 1. Frugal (€1,518/month)
A net income of €1,800–€2,000/month is the absolute minimum to live in Porto without financial stress. The €1,518 budget assumes:
- Rent outside the center (€796) – No compromises on safety or basic amenities.
- No coworking (€0) – Working from home or cafés (though this is unsustainable long-term for most remote workers).
- Eating out 5x/month (€60) – Cooking at home is non-negotiable.
- No gym (€0) – Replaced with running or bodyweight exercises.
- Entertainment (€50) – Free cultural events, hiking, and cheap wine.
Why €1,800–€2,000 net?
- Taxes & buffer: Portugal’s progressive tax rates mean a gross salary of €2,200–€2,500 is needed to net €1,800–€2,000. A €200 buffer covers unexpected costs (e.g., visa renewals, medical emergencies).
- No savings: This is survival mode, not a sustainable lifestyle. One missed paycheck or unplanned expense (e.g., laptop repair) derails the budget.
#### 2. Comfortable (€2,135/month)
A net income of €2,500–€2,800/month is ideal for a stress-free, enjoyable expat life in Porto. This allows:
- 1BR in the center (€1,105) – Proximity to cafés, coworking spaces, and nightlife.
- Coworking (€180) – Essential for productivity and socializing.
- Eating out 15x/month (€180) – 3–4 meals out per week, including mid-range restaurants.
- Gym (€40) – Basic membership, not boutique.
- Entertainment (€150) – Weekend trips to Braga, Guimarães, or Lisbon; bar-hopping in Galerias de Paris.
Why €2,500–€2,800 net?
- Gross salary of €3,200–€3,600 to account for taxes (20–40% effective rate for freelancers/employees).
- Savings & investments: €300–€500/month for emergencies, travel, or future plans.
- Flexibility: Can absorb rent increases (common in Porto’s competitive market) or splurge on a nicer apartment.
#### 3. Couple (€3,309/month)
A net income of €4,000–€4,500/month for two people living together. This covers:
- 2BR in the center (€1,500–€1,800) – Shared costs reduce per-person expenses.
- Groceries (€400) – Bulk buying and cooking at home.
- Eating out 20x/month (€300) – More frequent socializing.
- Entertainment (€250) – Weekend getaways, concerts, and experiences.
Why €4,000–€4,500 net?
- Gross household income of €5,000–€5,800 (assuming two earners).
- Joint savings: €500–€800/month for a down payment, travel, or investments.
Porto vs. Milan & Amsterdam: Cost Comparison
#### Porto (€2,135) vs. Milan (€3,200–€3,800)
- Rent: €1,105 (Porto) vs. €1,800–€2,200 (Milan center). A 1BR in Milan’s Navigli or Brera costs 60–100% more.
- Groceries: €280 (Porto) vs. €400–€500 (Milan). Italian produce is cheaper, but imported goods (e.g., coffee, wine) are pricier.
- Eating out: €180 (Porto) vs. €300–€400 (Milan). A mid-range meal in Milan costs €20
Porto After 6+ Months: What Expats Really Experience
Porto seduces newcomers fast. The Douro’s golden light, the scent of sardines grilling on esplanadas, the way trams rattle past azulejo-covered churches—it’s all designed to charm. But expats who stay longer than a holiday quickly discover that living here is different from visiting. The transition follows a predictable arc: euphoria, frustration, adaptation, and finally, a grudging (or enthusiastic) acceptance. Here’s what expats consistently report after six months or more.
The Honeymoon Phase (First 2 Weeks): What Impresses Everyone
In the beginning, Porto feels like a postcard come to life. Expats gush over:
- The cost of living. A €3 bifana (pork sandwich) and €1.50 imperial (beer) at a neighborhood tasca make budgeting feel like a victory. A decent one-bedroom in the city center averages €700–€900/month—half of Lisbon’s prices.
- The walkability. Most expats live in Bonfim, Cedofeita, or Ribeira, where groceries, cafés, and the river are all within a 15-minute stroll. The metro (€40/month for unlimited travel) and STCP buses (€1.20 per ride) cover gaps.
- The food. Beyond francesinha (the €12 meat-and-cheese bomb), expats fall for caldo verde (€3), pastel de nata (€1), and bacalhau à Brás (€10). The mercado do Bolhão offers fresh produce, cheese, and wine at prices that make Whole Foods shoppers weep.
- The pace. Meetings start 15 minutes late. Shops close for almoço (1–3 PM). Weekends are for café and passeios (walks), not errands. Expats from high-stress cultures (looking at you, U.S. and UK) report an immediate drop in cortisol.
The Frustration Phase (Month 1–3): The 4 Biggest Complaints
By month two, the cracks appear. Expats consistently cite these four issues:
- Bureaucracy as a Blood Sport
- Opening a bank account — Wise works in 80+ countries with no monthly fees? Bring your NIF (tax number), residency card, passport, proof of address (a utility bill in your name—good luck getting one without a Portuguese lease), and a saint’s relic for luck. Some expats wait 3 months for a NIF if they don’t use a despachante (fixer).
- Registering for healthcare? The Centro de Saúde might schedule your first appointment 6 weeks out, even if you’re coughing up a lung.
- Renting? Landlords demand 3 months’ rent upfront (first, last, and deposit) and often refuse to sign contracts shorter than 12 months.
- The Housing Lottery
- No central heating. Most apartments rely on electric radiators (€150/month in winter) or space heaters. Expats from cold climates report wearing coats indoors in January.
- Mold. Porto’s humidity (80% in winter) turns bathrooms into petri dishes. Landlords shrug; tenants buy dehumidifiers (€100–€200).
- Noise. Cobblestones amplify every scooter, garbage truck (lixo at 6 AM), and neighbor’s fado practice session. Expats in Ribeira or Baixa complain of sleepless nights until they learn to ignore it.
- The Customer Service Paradox
- Banks: Staff at Millennium or CGD might take 20 minutes to process a simple transfer while chatting with colleagues. Expats learn to schedule errands for Tuesday–Thursday mornings (Mondays and Fridays are for feriados and hangovers).
- Restaurants: Service is slow by design. A meal can take 2 hours—not because the kitchen is backed up, but because lingering is the point. Expats who ask for the bill (“A conta, por favor”) too soon get side-eye.
- Shops: Clerks in Continente or Pingo Doce won’t bag your groceries. You’re expected to bring your own bags (€0.10 if you forget) and pack while the queue glares.
- The Language Barrier (Even If You Speak Portuguese)
- Northern Portuguese is a different beast. The accent drops final vowels (“bom dia” → “bom dee”), swallows consonants (“obrigado” → “brigah”), and uses slang like *“tás
Hidden Costs Nobody Budgets For: The First-Year Reality in Porto, Portugal
Moving to Porto comes with a long list of expected expenses—rent, utilities, groceries—but the real financial shock hits in the first year. Below are 12 specific hidden costs with exact EUR amounts, based on real-world data from expats and local service providers.
- Agency fee – €1,105 (1 month’s rent, standard in Porto for furnished apartments).
- Security deposit – €2,210 (2 months’ rent, often non-negotiable for expats).
- Document translation + notarization – €350 (certified translations of birth certificates, diplomas, and marriage licenses for residency).
- Tax advisor (first year) – €800 (mandatory for non-habitual resident (NHR) applications and Portuguese tax filings).
- International moving costs – €3,200 (20ft container from the U.S. or Northern Europe; air freight for essentials alone can exceed €1,500).
- Return flights home (per year) – €1,200 (two round-trip flights to London, €300 each; U.S. flights average €600).
- Healthcare gap (first 30 days) – €250 (private insurance or out-of-pocket GP visits before SNS coverage kicks in).
- Language course (3 months, intensive) – €600 (A1-A2 Portuguese at a reputable school like Porto Language School).
- First apartment setup – €1,800 (basic IKEA furniture, kitchenware, bedding, and appliances for a 1-bedroom).
- Bureaucracy time lost – €1,500 (5 days off work for residency appointments, bank setup, and tax filings at €300/day lost income).
- Porto-specific: IMI property tax (if buying) – €500 (annual municipal tax on a €250,000 property, ~0.2%–0.8%).
- Porto-specific: Condomínio fees (if renting in a building) – €600/year (€50/month for maintenance, garbage, and elevator upkeep in mid-range neighborhoods like Bonfim).
Total first-year setup budget: €14,115 (excluding rent, utilities, and daily living costs).
These numbers assume a single professional renting a €1,105/month apartment. Families or those buying property face higher costs (e.g., IMI scales with property value, and school fees for international kids add €10,000+/year). The key takeaway? Budget 20–30% above your initial estimate. Porto’s charm doesn’t come cheap—just quietly.
Insider Tips: 10 Things I Wish Someone Told Me Before Moving to Porto
- Best neighborhood to start: Bonfim or Cedofeita
Bonfim is Porto’s most underrated district—affordable, central, and packed with local life, from the Mercado do Bolhão to the hidden Jardim de São Lázaro. Cedofeita, just west, is younger and artsier, with indie cafés and galleries, but pricier. Both offer walkability without the tourist chaos of Ribeira.
- First thing to do on arrival: Get a Número de Identificação Fiscal (NIF)
Without a NIF (Portuguese tax number), you can’t open a bank account, sign a lease, or even buy a SIM card (tip: Airalo eSIM works instantly in 200+ countries, no physical SIM needed). Skip the slow Finanças office—use a gestor (accountant) or a service like NIF Portugal for a same-day number (€50–€100). Keep the paper copy; digital versions often fail.
- How to find an apartment without getting scammed: Avoid Facebook Marketplace
Scammers post fake listings with "too good to be true" prices (e.g., €500 for a 2-bed in Foz). Use Idealista.pt or Imovirtual and insist on a contrato de arrendamento (lease) with a senhorio (landlord) present. Never wire money before seeing the place—cash deposits are common, but get a receipt.
- The app/website every local uses: Too Good To Go
Portuguese bakeries, supermarkets, and cafés dump unsold food at midnight. This app lets you buy "surprise bags" of pastries, bread, or groceries for €3–€5. Locals use it daily—try Padaria Ribeiro or Continente for the best hauls. Also, Bolt (not Uber) is the ride-hailing app of choice.
- Best time of year to move: September–October or March–April
Summer (June–August) is brutal—temperatures hit 35°C, tourists flood the streets, and landlords jack up prices. Winter (December–February) is rainy and gray, with short days. Spring and early autumn offer mild weather, fewer crowds, and better rental deals.
- How to make local friends: Join a rancho folclórico or surf club
Expats stick to Meetup and Internations, but locals bond over ranchos (folk dance groups) or surfing at Praia de Matosinhos. Try Rancho Folclórico de São João de Deus or Surfivor Porto. Also, volunteer at Refood (food rescue) or Associação de Solidariedade Social to meet Portuguese who aren’t just other foreigners.
- The one document you must bring from home: An apostilled criminal record check
Portuguese bureaucracy moves at a glacial pace. To get a residência (residency), you’ll need a clean criminal record from your home country, apostilled (certified) and translated. Skip this, and you’ll waste months chasing it later. Bring multiple copies—you’ll need them for banks, leases, and visas.
- Where to NOT eat/shop: Ribeira and Rua de Santa Catarina (after 11 AM)
Ribeira’s restaurants serve overpriced francesinha (€12–€15) with frozen ingredients. Rua de Santa Catarina is a tourist gauntlet—skip the Pastelaria Santiago crowds and go to Manteigaria in Foz instead. For groceries, avoid Pingo Doce (overpriced) and shop at Continente or Lidl.
- The unwritten social rule foreigners always break: Never call someone tu first
Portuguese are polite to a fault. Always use o senhor/a senhora (Mr./Ms.) with strangers, service workers, or older people until they say podes tratar-me por tu ("you can use tu"). Even then, err on the side of formality in professional settings. Americans, in particular, come off as rude by defaulting to tu.
- The single best investment for your first month: A cartão Andante and a bike
Public transport is cheap (€40/month for unlimited buses, metro, and trains), but the Andante card (€0.60)
Who Should Move to Porto (And Who Definitely Should Not)
Porto is ideal for remote workers, freelancers, and entrepreneurs earning €1,800–€3,500/month net, who value affordability without sacrificing urban energy. The city suits creatives, tech professionals, and digital nomads who thrive in a compact, walkable environment with strong café culture and coworking spaces (e.g., Selina, Porto i/o). It’s also a smart choice for young families (€2,500+/month net) seeking a slower pace than Lisbon but with excellent international schools (e.g., CLIP, €10K–€15K/year) and safe neighborhoods like Foz do Douro. Retirees with €2,000–€3,000/month can live comfortably in historic areas like Ribeira, enjoying mild winters and low healthcare costs (public system: €40–€100/month for expats).
Personality fit: Porto rewards those who embrace local rhythm—late dinners (9 PM), unhurried bureaucracy, and a preference for neighborhood markets over big-box stores. It’s perfect for introverts or small-group socializers; nightlife is intimate, not overwhelming. Life stage: Best for singles, couples, or families with kids under 12—teenagers may find the city too quiet compared to Lisbon or Barcelona.
Avoid Porto if:
- You need big-city job opportunities—Porto’s tech scene is growing but tiny compared to Berlin or Amsterdam, and local salaries (€1,200–€2,000/month gross) won’t support a luxury lifestyle.
- You hate humidity or rain—Porto gets 120+ rainy days/year, with damp winters that feel colder than the 8°C average.
- You expect seamless bureaucracy—residency visas (D7, D8) take 4–8 months, and opening a bank account can require 3+ in-person visits with inconsistent requirements.
Essential gear for digital nomads: Universal Travel Adapter | Noise-Cancelling Headphones | Portable WiFi Hotspot | Travel Backpack
Your 6-Month Action Plan (Starting Tomorrow)
#### Day 1: Secure Short-Term Housing & Legal Basics (€150–€300)
- Book a 1-month Airbnb in Bonfim or Cedofeita (€800–€1,200). Avoid Ribeira (tourist noise) and Campanhã (far from amenities).
- Buy a Portuguese SIM (€10–€20) from MEO or NOS (unlimited data + EU roaming).
- Register for a NIF (tax ID) via a local accountant (€150–€200) or use a service like Lexidy (€250). Required for everything—bank accounts, leases, utilities.
#### Week 1: Scout Long-Term Housing & Bank Account (€500–€1,000)
- Visit 10+ apartments in person. Avoid scams: Never wire money before seeing the place. Rent ranges:
- 1-bedroom: €600–€900 (city center), €500–€700 (Bonfim, Paranhos).
- 2-bedroom: €800–€1,200 (Foz, Boavista).
- Sign a 1-year lease (standard). Landlords often require 2 months’ rent as deposit + 1 month’s rent as "key money" (illegal but common).
- Open a bank account at Millennium BCP or Novo Banco (€0–€20 fee). Bring: passport, NIF, proof of address (Airbnb receipt), and €250–€500 initial deposit.
#### Month 1: Residency Visa & Healthcare (€300–€800)
- Apply for a D7 (passive income) or D8 (digital nomad) visa at the Portuguese consulate in your home country. Costs:
- Visa fee: €90.
- Health insurance (mandatory): €40–€100 — digital nomads often use SafetyWing as a cost-effective alternative/month (e.g., Allianz, Fidelidade).
- Criminal record check + apostille: €50–€150.
- Total first-year cost: €1,500–€2,500 (including flights, visa, setup).
- Register for healthcare:
- Public system (SNS): €40/month (after residency approval).
- Private (e.g., Luz Saúde): €50–€100/month (faster appointments).
#### Month 2: Language & Local Integration (€200–€500)
- Start Portuguese classes (€10–€20/hour). Recommended schools:
- Fast Forward (intensive, €300/month).
- Porto Language Café (conversation-focused, €150/month).
- Join 2–3 expat/local groups:
- Facebook: "Expats in Porto," "Digital Nomads Porto."
- Meetup: Porto Tech Hub, Porto Hikers.
- Get a monthly transport pass (€40, covers buses, metro, trains to Braga/Guimarães).
#### Month 3: Work Setup & Taxes (€200–€600)
- Register as a freelancer (Recibo Verde) if self-employed. Costs:
- Accountant: €50–€100/month.
- Social security: €20/month (first year), then €250–€500/month (21.4% of declared income).
- Choose a coworking space (€80–€150/month):
- Selina (nomad-friendly, €120/month).
- Porto i/o (tech-focused, €100/month).
- File first IRS tax return (due March–June). Tax rates:
- 0–€7,112: 14.5%.
- €7,113–€10,732: 23%.
- €10,733–€20,322: 28.5%.
#### Month 6: You Are Settled
- Housing: Signed a 2-year lease in a neighborhood you love (e.g., Massarelos for families, Ba