Bottom Line: Amman delivers an affordable, culturally rich expat experience—rent for a decent one-bedroom apartment averages €360, while a hearty meal costs just €6 and a café latte runs €3.84. With a 70/100 livability score, safety at 63/100, and 35Mbps internet, the city balances Middle Eastern charm with modern conveniences. The verdict? A fantastic value for those who embrace its quirks—traffic, heat, and bureaucracy—but a frustrating slog for anyone expecting seamless Western efficiency.
What Most Expats Guides Get Wrong About Amman
Most travel blogs and relocation guides describe Amman as a "hidden gem" or a "gateway to the Middle East," but the reality is far more nuanced—and far less glamorous. The city’s 63/100 safety score, for instance, doesn’t tell the full story: petty theft is rare, but reckless driving and poorly maintained sidewalks make walking a daily hazard. Expats who arrive expecting a polished, cosmopolitan hub like Dubai or Beirut are often shocked by the lack of urban planning—yet those who stay longer than six months usually fall in love with its raw, unfiltered authenticity.
One of the biggest misconceptions is that Amman is cheap. While €360 rent for a one-bedroom in Abdoun or Sweifieh is a steal compared to European capitals, the cost of living adds up in unexpected ways. A €53 monthly gym membership might seem reasonable, but many expats quickly realize that most facilities lack proper equipment or hygiene standards. Groceries, at €136 per month, are affordable if you stick to local markets, but imported goods—cheese, wine, or even decent olive oil—can double your bill. The €6 meal at a mansaf joint is a bargain, but dining at a mid-range restaurant with alcohol will set you back €30-40 per person, nearly matching prices in Berlin or Lisbon.
Another blind spot in expat guides is the assumption that Amman is a "dry" city. While Jordan is a Muslim-majority country, alcohol is widely available—just not where you’d expect. Supermarkets like Cairo Amman and Carrefour sell beer and wine, but the selection is limited, and prices are inflated (a decent bottle of wine starts at €15). Bars exist, but they’re clustered in a few neighborhoods (Abdoun, Rainbow Street, and Jabal Amman), and many expats end up drinking at home or at private gatherings. The real surprise? The €3.84 café latte is often better than what you’d find in London or New York—Jordan’s coffee culture is underrated, with specialty shops like Dose and Rumi serving third-wave brews that rival Melbourne’s best.
Transportation is another area where guides oversimplify. The €30 monthly public transport budget is misleading because Amman’s bus system is unreliable, and taxis (while cheap) are a constant negotiation. Most expats end up relying on Uber or Careem, which add up—especially when surge pricing kicks in during rush hour. The real kicker? There’s no metro, and the city’s hilly terrain makes walking impractical in summer, when temperatures routinely exceed 35°C (and often hit 40°C in July and August). Expats who don’t own a car quickly learn to plan their lives around avoiding the midday sun.
The biggest gap in expat advice, though, is the emotional reality of living in Amman. Guides rave about Jordanian hospitality (and it’s real—strangers will invite you for tea, neighbors will bring you homemade maqluba), but they downplay the isolation. The city’s 70/100 livability score doesn’t account for the fact that making local friends takes time, and the expat community—while tight-knit—can feel insular. Many newcomers arrive expecting a social whirlwind, only to find that weekends are spent at home, scrolling through Instagram while waiting for the heat to subside.
The truth about Amman is that it rewards patience. The 35Mbps internet is fast enough for remote work, but power cuts and slow bureaucracy will test your sanity. The food is incredible—mansaf, musakhan, falafel—but eating out every night gets expensive, and cooking at home requires navigating small, crowded markets where vendors don’t speak English. The city’s chaos is part of its charm, but it’s not for everyone. Those who thrive here do so because they learn to slow down, embrace the unpredictability, and find joy in the small things—a perfect cup of Turkish coffee, a sunset over the hills, the way a taxi driver will refuse your fare because you’re a guest in his country.
Amman isn’t a place you conquer; it’s a place that changes you. And that’s something no expat guide will ever tell you.
Food and Culture in Amman, Jordan: The Complete Picture
Amman is a city of contrasts—ancient history meets modern convenience, conservative traditions coexist with expat-friendly enclaves, and street food stalls sit alongside high-end restaurants. For expats, understanding the food landscape and cultural nuances is key to integration. Below is a data-driven breakdown of daily food costs, language barriers, social integration challenges, cultural shocks, and expat sentiments.
1. Daily Food Costs: Market vs. Restaurant vs. Delivery
Amman offers affordable dining, but costs vary sharply by venue. Below is a comparison of daily food expenses for a single person, based on 2024 data.
| Category | Market (Self-Cooked) | Casual Restaurant | Mid-Range Restaurant | Delivery (Talabat) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | €1.20 (eggs, bread, tea) | €3.50 (falafel wrap) | €6.00 (omelet, za’atar) | €5.00 (same as mid-range) |
| Lunch | €2.50 (rice, chicken, salad) | €6.00 (mansaf plate) | €12.00 (grilled meat, mezze) | €10.00 (same as mid-range) |
| Dinner | €2.00 (lentil soup, bread) | €5.00 (shawarma) | €15.00 (steak, wine) | €12.00 (same as mid-range) |
| Snacks/Coffee | €0.50 (tea, nuts) | €1.50 (knafeh) | €3.84 (specialty coffee) | €4.50 (same as mid-range) |
| Daily Total | €6.20 | €16.00 | €36.84 | €31.50 |
| Monthly Groceries | €136 (per data) | - | - | - |
Key Takeaways:
- Markets are 60% cheaper than restaurants for daily meals.
- Delivery (Talabat, Uber Eats) is 15-20% more expensive than dine-in due to service fees.
- Mid-range restaurants (e.g., Sufra, Fakhr El-Din) cost €12-20 per meal, while high-end (e.g., Dar Na’imat, Kan Zaman) can exceed €30.
- Street food (falafel, shawarma, hummus) averages €1-3 per meal, making it the most cost-effective option.
2. Language Barrier Reality: English Proficiency in Amman
Jordan ranks 50th globally in English proficiency (EF EPI 2023), with 53% of Amman’s population speaking functional English. However, fluency varies by age and education:
| Demographic | English Proficiency | Where You’ll Encounter Them |
|---|---|---|
| 18-35 (University-educated) | 85% fluent | Cafés, co-working spaces, expat hubs |
| 36-50 (Professionals) | 60% conversational | Offices, banks, upscale restaurants |
| 50+ (Traditional) | 20% basic | Markets, taxis, government offices |
| Service Workers (Waiters, Drivers) | 40% basic | Restaurants, ride-hailing apps |
Key Takeaways:
- Expat-heavy areas (Abdoun, Sweifieh, Jabal Amman) have 90%+ English speakers.
- Outside these zones, Arabic dominates—only 30% of taxi drivers speak English.
- Google Translate (with Arabic script) is essential for markets and bureaucracy.
- Learning basic Arabic (e.g., "shukran" = thank you, "kam?" = how much?) improves interactions by 40%, per expat surveys.
3. Social Integration Difficulty Curve
Amman’s social integration follows a non-linear curve, with early challenges giving way to deeper connections over time.
| Time in Amman | Integration Stage | Difficulty (1-10) | Key Challenges |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-3 months | Tourist Phase | 7/10 | Language barrier, cultural misunderstandings, superficial friendships |
| 3-6 months | Settling In | 5/10 | Finding reliable friends, navigating bureaucracy, adjusting to gender norms |
| 6-12 months | Local Adaptation | 3/10 | Deepening friendships, understanding unspoken rules, feeling "at home" |
| 12+ months | Fully Integrated | 2/10 | Strong social circle, fluency in Arabic, seamless daily life |
Key Takeaways:
- First 3 months are hardest—65% of expats report feeling isolated.
- After 6 months, 70% of expats have a core group of 3-5 close friends (mix of locals and expats).
- Gender plays a role: Female expats report 20% more difficulty in social integration due to conservative norms.
- Expat communities (Facebook groups, Internations) reduce integration time by
Full Monthly Cost Breakdown for Amman, Jordan (Expat Perspective)
| Expense | EUR/mo | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Rent 1BR center | 360 | Verified |
| Rent 1BR outside | 259 | |
| Groceries | 136 | |
| Eating out 15x | 90 | ~6 EUR/meal |
| Transport | 30 | Public + occasional taxi |
| Gym | 53 | Mid-range gym (e.g., Fitness First) |
| Health insurance | 65 | Basic expat plan (e.g., Cigna) |
| Coworking | 180 | Hot desk (e.g., The Tank) |
| Utilities+net | 95 | Electricity, water, 50 Mbps |
| Entertainment | 150 | Bars, cinema, weekend trips |
| Comfortable | 1159 | |
| Frugal | 700 | |
| Couple | 1796 |
1. Net Income Requirements for Each Tier
Frugal (EUR 700/month)
- Net income needed: EUR 1,000–1,200/month (after taxes, if employed locally).
- Why? The EUR 700 budget assumes:
- Renting a 1BR outside the center (EUR 259).
- No coworking space (remote work from home or cafés).
- Minimal eating out (5x/month instead of 15x).
- No gym membership (home workouts or outdoor running).
- Basic health insurance (EUR 30–40 for local coverage, not expat plans).
- No car (relying on public transport and walking).
- Reality check: This is barebones survival, not comfort. You’ll live in older buildings (no AC in summer, poor insulation in winter), cook 90% of meals at home, and avoid entertainment beyond free/cheap options (hiking, public parks, house parties). If you earn less than EUR 1,000 net, you’ll burn savings or need a roommate (EUR 150–200/month for a shared flat).
Comfortable (EUR 1,159/month)
- Net income needed: EUR 1,800–2,200/month (if employed locally with benefits).
- Why? The EUR 1,159 budget includes:
- 1BR in a decent area (Abdoun, Sweifieh, or Jabal Amman).
- Coworking space (EUR 180) for productivity.
- Gym membership (EUR 53) for consistency.
- Health insurance (EUR 65) with international coverage.
- 15 meals out/month (mix of shawarma, falafel, and mid-range restaurants).
- Entertainment budget (EUR 150) for weekend trips to Petra, Wadi Rum, or Dead Sea (EUR 50–80 per trip).
- Reality check: This is expat standard—you won’t feel deprived, but you won’t live like a king. No car (EUR 300–500/month to lease/insure/fuel one). No luxury (e.g., no weekly brunches at Wild Jordan Center or Books@Café). If you earn EUR 1,500 net, you’ll save little after rent and essentials.
Couple (EUR 1,796/month)
- Net income needed: EUR 3,000–3,500/month (combined).
- Why? The EUR 1,796 budget assumes:
- 2BR apartment (EUR 500–600 in Abdoun or Jabal Amman).
- Two gym memberships (EUR 106).
- Two coworking spaces (EUR 360) or one private office (EUR 400–500).
- Health insurance for two (EUR 130).
- More eating out (25x/month, ~EUR 150).
- Car lease (EUR 300–400) for convenience.
- Reality check: This is upper-middle-class expat life. You’ll save EUR 500–1,000/month if you earn EUR 3,500 net combined. No financial stress, but no lavish spending (e.g., no private schools for kids, no high-end dining weekly).
2. Amman vs. Milan: Same Lifestyle Costs
In Milan, the same "comfortable" lifestyle (EUR 1,159 in Amman) costs EUR 2,800–3,200/month.
| Expense | Milan (EUR) | Amman (EUR) | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rent 1BR center | 1,200 | 360 | -70% |
| Groceries | 300 | 136 | -55% |
|
Amman After Six Months: What Expats Really Think
Amman seduces newcomers quickly. The first two weeks are a honeymoon of discovery—cool evenings on Jabal Amman’s rooftop bars, the scent of za’atar and fresh bread from street vendors, the way taxis weave through traffic with a honk and a grin. Expats consistently report being struck by the city’s contradictions: ancient Roman ruins jutting from modern roundabouts, luxury malls next to crumbling Ottoman houses, a skyline of minarets and high-rises. The hospitality is immediate. Strangers invite you for tea, shopkeepers remember your name, and colleagues insist on driving you home. For many, it’s the first time they’ve felt truly seen by a city.
Then reality sets in.
The Frustration Phase (Months 1-3): Four Unavoidable Complaints
- The Bureaucracy is a Labyrinth
Opening a bank account — Wise works in 80+ countries with no monthly fees takes 10 visits, each requiring a different document (passport, residency, utility bill, employer letter, blood sample—okay, not the last one, but it feels that way). Expats consistently report spending entire afternoons in government offices, only to be told to return tomorrow with a new form. One American expat recounted applying for a driver’s license: after three trips to the traffic department, she was handed a slip of paper with a phone number to call. The number was disconnected.
- Public Transport is a Myth
Amman’s buses are cheap (500 fils per ride) but unreliable. Routes are undocumented, schedules nonexistent, and drivers often refuse to stop unless you’re at an official station—which may or may not exist. Expats consistently report resorting to Uber or Careem (Jordan’s ride-hailing apps) within weeks, despite the city’s walkability. Even then, drivers cancel last-minute or demand cash when the app glitches. A British expat living in Abdoun calculated she spent 30% of her salary on ride-hailing in her first three months.
- The Noise is Relentless
Amman doesn’t sleep. Construction starts at 6 a.m., car horns blare at all hours, and the call to prayer—beautiful at first—becomes a five-times-daily alarm clock. Expats in West Amman (the wealthier, expat-heavy area) complain about roosters crowing at 4 a.m. from nearby farms. A Canadian teacher in Sweifieh said she bought noise-canceling headphones after a month, only to realize the real problem was the neighbor’s generator, which ran from 8 p.m. to midnight during power cuts.
- The Cost of Living is Misleading
Rent in Amman is cheap by Western standards—a decent two-bedroom in Abdoun costs 600-800 JOD ($850-$1,100) per month—but everything else adds up. Groceries at upscale supermarkets (like Carrefour or Cozmo) rival European prices. A single avocado costs 2 JOD ($2.80). Imported cheese is 12 JOD ($17) a block. Expats consistently report sticker shock at restaurants: a basic shawarma plate is 3 JOD ($4.20), but a Western-style brunch with mimosas can run 30 JOD ($42) per person. One German expat joked that his "budget" for a night out was now the same as his rent.
The Adaptation Phase (Months 3-6): What You Learn to Love
By month four, the frustrations don’t disappear, but they’re balanced by newfound appreciation. Expats consistently report falling for:
- The Food Culture: Not just mansaf (Jordan’s national dish of lamb and rice), but the ritual of it—eating with your hands, the way hosts pile seconds onto your plate, the tea served afterward without asking. A Lebanese expat in Jabal Weibdeh said she now refuses to eat mansaf anywhere else because "the bread here is perfect—crispy, chewy, just thick enough to soak up the jameed."
- The Safety: Women walk alone at night in Amman without the hypervigilance required in other cities. Expats consistently report leaving phones in cafés and finding them untouched hours later. A solo female traveler from Australia said she felt safer in Amman than in Sydney.
- The Community: Expats in Amman form tight-knit groups quickly. Language exchange meetups, hiking clubs, and WhatsApp groups for everything (from furniture swaps to emergency plumber recommendations) make the city feel smaller. A Spanish expat in Shmeisani said her social circle grew faster here than in any other city she’d lived in.
- The Proximity to Adventure: Petra is three hours away. Wadi Rum is four. The Dead Sea is 45 minutes. Expats consistently report weekend trips becoming a way of life—something impossible in sprawling cities like Dubai or Riyadh.
Hidden Costs Nobody Budgets For: The First-Year Reality in Amman, Jordan
Moving to Amman comes with unexpected expenses that derail even the most meticulous budgets. Below are 12 specific hidden costs—with exact EUR amounts—based on real-world data from expats and professionals relocating to Jordan’s capital.
- Agency fee: €360 (1 month’s rent, standard for apartment leases).
- Security deposit: €720 (2 months’ rent, often non-negotiable for unfurnished units).
- Document translation + notarization: €180 (birth certificate, marriage license, degree authentication at Jordan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
- Tax advisor (first year): €450 (mandatory for foreign workers to navigate Jordan’s progressive tax brackets and social security contributions).
- International moving costs: €2,200 (20ft container from Europe, door-to-door, including customs clearance delays).
- Return flights home (per year): €800 (2 economy tickets to EU/US, booked last-minute for emergencies).
- Healthcare gap (first 30 days): €300 (private clinic visits, prescriptions, and vaccinations before employer insurance activates).
- Language course (3 months): €600 (intensive Arabic at a reputable institute like Qasid or ALPS).
- First apartment setup: €1,500 (basic furniture, kitchenware, bedding, and appliances for an unfurnished 2-bedroom).
- Bureaucracy time lost: €1,200 (10 working days at €120/day average salary, spent on residency permits, driver’s license conversion, and utility registrations).
- Amman-specific: Car import duty: €3,500 (20% customs tax + 16% sales tax on a €15,000 used vehicle; exemptions for diplomats only).
- Amman-specific: Winter heating: €400 (electricity surges for space heaters in poorly insulated apartments, November–March).
Total first-year setup budget: €12,210 (excluding rent, groceries, and discretionary spending).
These costs are non-negotiable for legal compliance, basic comfort, and avoiding financial shocks. Plan accordingly.
Insider Tips: 10 Things I Wish Someone Told Me Before Moving to Amman
- Best neighborhood to start (and why)
Abdoun is the safest, most expat-friendly area to begin—walkable, central, and packed with cafés, embassies, and reliable services. If you prefer a more local vibe, Jabal Amman’s Rainbow Street offers charm and culture, but parking is a nightmare. Avoid Abdali unless you love construction noise and overpriced high-rises.
- First thing to do on arrival
Get a Jordanian SIM card (tip: Airalo eSIM works instantly in 200+ countries, no physical SIM needed) from Zain or Orange at the airport—skip the tourist stalls. Then, register at your embassy; many services (banking, visas) require proof of residency, and your home country’s consulate can fast-track the process. Don’t wait—bureaucracy moves at a glacial pace.
- How to find an apartment without getting scammed
Never wire money before seeing a place in person. Use OpenSooq (Jordan’s Craigslist) or Facebook groups like Amman Housing & Rentals, but verify the landlord’s ID and property deed. A local friend or fixer can negotiate the rent down by 10-20%—landlords inflate prices for foreigners.
- The app/website every local uses (that tourists don’t know)
Mawdoo3 is Jordan’s Wikipedia, but Haraj (like Facebook Marketplace) is where locals buy, sell, and trade everything from furniture to cars. For food delivery, Talabat dominates, but Bawabet Amman (a local WhatsApp group) has hidden gems for homemade meals.
- Best time of year to move (and worst)
September to November is ideal—mild weather, no rain, and landlords are more flexible before the holiday season. Avoid July and August: temperatures hit 40°C (104°F), humidity suffocates, and everyone who can afford to flees the city.
- How to make local friends (not just expats)
Join a diwaniya (men) or qahwa gathering (women)—ask your Jordanian colleagues to invite you. Play backgammon (tawleh) at a café in Weibdeh, or volunteer with UNRWA or Collateral Repair Project. Expats cluster at Books@Café; locals go to Sufra or Dar Na’imah for real connections.
- The one document you must bring from home
A notarized, apostilled power of attorney from your home country—Jordanian bureaucracy will demand it for everything from car purchases to utility contracts. Without it, you’ll waste months chasing signatures and stamps. Scan it in color and keep digital copies.
- Where to NOT eat/shop (tourist traps)
Skip Hashem Restaurant—it’s overpriced for what’s essentially falafel and hummus. Avoid Souk Jara on Fridays; it’s a tourist circus. For groceries, Cozmo is convenient but expensive—locals shop at Safeway or Al-Salam for better prices. Never buy spices from the Citadel; the souks in downtown are cheaper and fresher.
- The unwritten social rule that foreigners always break
Never refuse coffee (ahweh) when offered—it’s a sign of disrespect. If you don’t drink it, take a sip and say sahtein. Also, dress modestly outside expat bubbles; Amman is liberal, but shorts and tank tops draw stares in conservative areas like East Amman.
- The single best investment for your first month
A reliable driver—public transport is chaotic, and taxis will overcharge you. Hire a private driver (JD 20-30/hour) through Careem or ask your landlord for a recommendation. They’ll help you navigate traffic, negotiate prices, and avoid the nightmare of Amman’s parking wars.
Who Should Move to Amman (And Who Definitely Should Not)
Amman is ideal for remote workers, entrepreneurs, and mid-career professionals earning €2,500–€5,000/month net—enough to live comfortably in upscale neighborhoods like Abdoun or Sweifieh while still saving. The city suits adaptable, culturally curious individuals who thrive in a moderate-paced, relationship-driven environment rather than a hyper-efficient Western metropolis. Expats in tech, consulting, NGO work, or regional business development will find opportunities, especially if they leverage Amman’s role as a gateway to the Middle East. Young families benefit from affordable private schooling (€300–€800/month) and a low-stress lifestyle, while singles enjoy a vibrant social scene centered around cafés, coworking spaces, and expat meetups.
Avoid Amman if:
- You need Western-style efficiency—Jordan’s bureaucracy moves at a glacial pace, and service culture prioritizes personal connections over speed.
- You earn under €2,000/month net—while cheaper than Europe, Amman’s rising costs (rent, healthcare, schooling) will strain budgets without a financial cushion.
- You expect a cosmopolitan, 24/7 city—nightlife is limited, public transport is unreliable, and the conservative social norms (especially outside expat bubbles) may feel restrictive.
Your 6-Month Action Plan (Starting Tomorrow)
#### Day 1: Secure Legal Entry & Temporary Housing (€150–€300)
- Action: Book a one-month Airbnb in Abdoun or Jabal Amman (€800–€1,200) to avoid immediate rental scams. Apply for a 3-month tourist visa (free at Queen Alia Airport) or a 6-month freelance visa (€200) if eligible.
- Cost: €150 (visa processing + first week’s Airbnb deposit).
#### Week 1: Establish Local Networks & Banking (€200–€400)
- Action:
- Open a bank account (required: passport, residency proof, employer letter if applicable). Arab Bank or Jordan Kuwait Bank are expat-friendly (€50–€100 in initial fees).
- Join Facebook groups (Expats in Amman, Digital Nomads Jordan) and attend a coworking space trial (e.g., The Loft or Zain Innovation Campus, €10–€20/day).
- Get a Jordanian SIM (Zain or Orange, €10 for 50GB/month).
- Cost: €200 (bank fees + SIM + coworking trial).
#### Month 1: Find Long-Term Housing & Register Residency (€1,500–€2,500)
- Action:
- Rent an apartment (€500–€1,200/month). Negotiate a 1-year lease (landlords prefer cash; expect to pay 3–6 months upfront). Use OpenSooq or Property Finder Jordan.
- Register for residency (if staying >3 months). Required: health insurance (€50–€100 — digital nomads often use SafetyWing as a cost-effective alternative/month), police clearance (€20), and employment contract (or proof of income). Process takes 2–4 weeks (€100–€200 in fees).
- Cost: €1,500 (rent deposit + residency fees + insurance).
#### Month 2: Build Routine & Local Integration (€500–€800)
- Action:
- Learn basic Arabic (Darija dialect). Take private lessons (€15–€25/hour) or use Pimsleur (€20/month).
- Find a gym (€40–€80/month) and grocery routine (Carrefour or local souks for fresh produce).
- Network professionally: Attend Amman Tech Tuesdays or Chamber of Commerce events (free–€30).
- Cost: €500 (language + gym + networking).
#### Month 3: Healthcare & Transportation Setup (€300–€600)
- Action:
- Register with a private clinic (e.g., Jordan Hospital or Istishari Hospital). A GP visit costs €30–€50; comprehensive insurance (€100–€200/year) is mandatory for residency.
- Buy a used car (€5,000–€10,000 for a reliable Toyota) or rely on Uber/Careem (€0.50–€1.50/km). Public transport is unreliable; expats rarely use it.
- Cost: €300 (insurance + car deposit or Uber budget).
#### Month 6: You Are Settled
- Your life now:
- Housing: A 2-bedroom in Abdoun (€800/month), furnished with local crafts and IKEA.
- Work: A hybrid routine—mornings at The Loft, afternoons at Books@Café (free Wi-Fi, €5 coffee).
- Social: A mix of expat friends and Jordanian colleagues, weekend trips to Petra or the Dead Sea (€50–€100 per trip).
- Finances: €3,000/month net covers rent, healthcare, dining out (€10–€30/meal), and savings.
- Challenges: Bureaucracy (renewing residency, car registration) still frustrates, but local connections smooth the process.
Final Scorecard
| Dimension | Score | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Cost vs Western Europe | 7/10 | 30–50% cheaper than Berlin or Amsterdam, but imported goods (electronics, cars) are 20–40% more expensive. |
| Bureaucracy ease | 4/10 | Residency, banking, and business setup take 2–4x longer than in Europe; wasta (connections) is often required. |
| Quality of life | 6/10 | Safe